{"id":2115,"date":"2020-02-04T15:17:24","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T14:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gfmdcivilsociety.org\/staging\/9981\/?p=2115"},"modified":"2020-04-15T16:34:45","modified_gmt":"2020-04-15T14:34:45","slug":"to-me-climate-change-is-a-moral-issue-an-in-depth-look-at-climate-change-and-displacement-with-kayly-ober","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gfmdcivilsociety.org\/staging\/9981\/to-me-climate-change-is-a-moral-issue-an-in-depth-look-at-climate-change-and-displacement-with-kayly-ober\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cTo Me, Climate Change Is a Moral Issue\u201d \u2013 An In-Depth Look at Climate Change and Displacement With Kayly Ober"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kayly Ober is Senior Advocate and Program Manager of the Climate Displacement Program at Refugees International, an NGO that advocates on behalf of refugees and displaced people worldwide. We talked with Ms. Ober at the Quito Summit of the Global Forum on Migration and Development. In the following interview, she explains the impact of climate change on the displacement of populations and how it should be addressed. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Francesca Pierigh*<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What do we mean by\nclimate change-related displacement? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Kayly Ober] This is\nactually not so straight-forward an issue. As an academic, I would like to say\nthat climate change is rarely the only reason why someone is displaced. Often,\nclimate change exacerbates an already precarious situation. It may tip the\nbalance for someone deciding to migrate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are of course\nfairly clear-cut cases of displacement related to a climate change event, for\nexample after a really impactful event, like a cyclone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of so-called\n\u2018slow-onset impacts\u2019, such as sea-level rise, the link to climate displacement\ncan be clear. Projections for sea level rise tell us that by 2050 many\nlow-lying islands, and even major metropolitan areas, will be inundated. In\nthat case, it could be argued that the eventual movement of people is\nclimate-related.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why is it important to\nlook at climate change-related displacement? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To me personally, climate\nchange is a moral issue. Using a wider lens, right now there are intense political\ndiscussions globally, looking at who should be responsible and what kind of\nactions need to be taken to mitigate the effects of climate change. I think\nthat in this sense, climate change-related displacement gives a human face to that\ndiscussion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It’s important to focus on this \u2018human aspect\u2019 because often when we talk about climate change we discuss very abstract things, like how many parts per million of carbon there are in the atmosphere, or how many degrees warmer the planet will be. What we don’t talk about as much and what should instead be center-stage, are the effects that will be felt by communities on the ground, especially those who are already fairly vulnerable or living in a situation in which one more thing would really make their life and livelihoods much more difficult. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is important that we\ntalk about this, because it is a moral responsibility for those who have\nemitted carbon to understand the effects that their actions have had and have today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We need to be worried\nabout climate change and its effects, including population displacement. We also need to\nbe looking at long-term effects and at how we can build resilience of\ncommunities in the long-term. Going back to the example of slow-onset sea level rise: we\nhave not yet seen a dramatic enough sea level rise that has already led to the\ndisplacement of people. But what we can see is the beginnings. We can see saltwater intrusion\ninto fields used for agriculture, for example, which is making it harder to\nplant crops, and, if you are a subsistence farmer, to eke out a living as\na consequence. And if we don\u2019t act swiftly, in the near future we will have to\ndeal with the fact that sea levels will be too high for certain areas, and\npeople will simply lose their lands. And what will be the consequences of that?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Can we already see some cases of people\nbeing displaced because of environmental disasters linked to climate change?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This brings me back to\nthe difference between immediate disastrous events and slow-onset climate change.\nSo, obviously, after cyclones, like Kenneth and Idai in Mozambique, or Dorian\nin the Bahamas, we saw hundreds of thousands of people displaced. So that was\nan immediate population movement directly linked to a climate change-related\nevent. Science is improving all the time, so we are\ngetting closer to be able to attribute how a specific event is linked to\nclimate change, so this is becoming easier to say. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We can also say that\nthere is a tenuous link with the Syrian conflict and the displacement associated\nwith it. After a record number of years of\ndrought in the country, people started moving to cities to seek\neconomic opportunities, so this contributed to building up a lot of pressure,\nwhich is one of the factors that erupted into war. <\/s><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But again, we cannot,\nand we must not only blame climate change. As a global society, and governments\nespecially, we have the ability to react and to fund or support adaptive\nefforts. And it’s when governments fail to do that, that we really have a\nproblem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What can we do, as a society, and what can\nwe ask our governments to do, to address climate change and related\ndisplacement?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I would say that, first\nand foremost, we should think about the end goal, which is that we want people\nto be able to make the decision if they want to move or not. And if they do\ndecide to move, it shouldn’t be under duress. It should be when they want to,\nand to the destination they want to reach, and it should be safe. I think that\nis the same argument that migrants\u2019 rights activists would make. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the other hand, if we\nwant to give people the ability to stay, that means that we need to invest in\nclimate-resilient infrastructure and climate-resilient agriculture to\nthe degree that we can. And if we reach a certain threshold in which that is\nnot viable anymore, we need alternative livelihood options that are not so\ndependent on climate-related events like rainfall. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When it comes to being\nable to move in a safe way, that means that migrants need options. They need to\nbe able to access different forms of protection, which include but are not\nlimited to humanitarian protection, in the case of post-disaster for example. It\nalso means having more labor migration opportunities. The Pacific is leading\nthe way in creating these labor migration mechanisms so that people in the\nregion can move with dignity to Australia or to New Zealand. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ultimately we need some\nsort of mechanism that appreciates or understands the fact that climate change\nis just as impactful sometimes to people’s lives and to their ability to make a\nliving or to live in dignity as situations of violence and persecution can be,\nwhich are protected under the 1951 Refugee Convention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why should we care about climate change\nand its possible effects on population movements?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they affect everybody.\nAnd we can already see these effects. If we talk with someone from an older\ngeneration, they will say clearly, \u201cWe used to be able to farm consistently, we\nused to be able to fish consistently, and that’s not happening anymore.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do we want to live in a kind of world in which people are not able to make a living or live a dignified life? I would argue against it, and I would also argue that the effects of climate change aren’t just visible in the so-called \u201cglobal South\u201d. This is not just a \u201cglobal South\u201d issue and it is not about people moving from the \u201cglobal South\u201d to the \u201cglobal North\u201d. This is about people all over the world living the way that they would like to live, and having a stable, secure life. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Francesca Pierigh is a freelance researcher and communications consultant<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kayly Ober is Senior Advocate and Program Manager of the Climate Displacement Program at Refugees International, an NGO that advocates on behalf of refugees and displaced people worldwide. 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